gwre-20231207
FALSE000152839600015283962023-12-072023-12-07

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________________
FORM 8-K
_______________________________________________________________
CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): December 7, 2023
_______________________________________________________________
Guidewire Software, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________________________________________________
Delaware001-3539436-4468504
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)(Commission File Number)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

970 Park Pl., Suite 200
San Mateo, CA 94403
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(650) 357-9100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par valueGWRENew York Stock Exchange





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.






Item 2.02     Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On December 7, 2023, Guidewire Software, Inc. (the "Company") issued a press release announcing unaudited financial results for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2023. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1.

In accordance with General Instruction B.2 on Form 8-K, certain of the information in this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1, is being furnished under Item 2.02 and shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such information be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, regardless of the general incorporation language of such filing, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Item 5.02     Departure of Directors or Principal Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Principal Officers.

On December 7, 2023, the Company and Priscilla Hung announced her intent to remain an employee with the Company, but step down from the position of President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company at the conclusion of her sabbatical on December 31, 2023. Ms. Hung will serve in the new role of Senior Advisor to the Company. Ms. Hung's change in role is not the result of any disagreement or conflict with the Company.


Item 9.01Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit No.Description of Exhibits
Press release dated December 7, 2023 titled "Guidewire Announces First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Results"
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC.
By:/s/ JEFF COOPER
Jeff Cooper
Chief Financial Officer
Date:December 7, 2023



Document

Exhibit 99.1

Guidewire Announces First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Results

SAN MATEO, Calif., December 7, 2023 - Guidewire (NYSE: GWRE) today announced its financial results for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2023.

“We are thrilled with our first quarter financial results and the continued momentum in Guidewire Cloud Platform with another seven cloud deals closed,” said Mike Rosenbaum, chief executive officer, Guidewire. “The excitement around Guidewire Cloud Platform was on full display at our annual customer conference, Connections, where approximately 3,000 members from our customer and partner communities came together to share success stories, collaborate, and learn more about Innsbruck, our latest and ninth cloud release.”

“We are off to a strong start to the fiscal year with ARR finishing above the high end of our outlook, and margins significantly beating our expectations,” said Jeff Cooper, chief financial officer, Guidewire. “We are at an exciting inflection point with respect to profitability and are raising our profitability targets for the year.”

First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Highlights

Revenue
Total revenue for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 was $207.4 million, an increase of 6% from the same quarter in fiscal year 2023. Subscription and support revenue was $127.6 million, an increase of 29%; services revenue was $45.8 million, a decrease of 17%; and license revenue was $34.0 million, a decrease of 17%.
As of October 31, 2023, annual recurring revenue, or ARR, was $770 million, compared to $763 million as of July 31, 2023. ARR results for interim quarterly periods in fiscal year 2024 are based on actual currency rates at the end of fiscal year 2023, held constant throughout the year.

Profitability
GAAP loss from operations was $33.8 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, compared with GAAP loss from operations of $74.6 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023.
Non-GAAP income from operations was $4.1 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, compared with Non-GAAP loss from operations of $35.9 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023.
GAAP net loss was $27.1 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, compared with $69.3 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023. GAAP net loss per share was $0.33, based on diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 81.7 million, compared to a GAAP net loss per share of $0.83 for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023, based on diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 83.3 million.
Non-GAAP net loss was $0.3 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, compared with Non-GAAP net loss of $9.9 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023. Non-GAAP net income/loss per share was $0.00, based on diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 81.7 million, compared to a Non-GAAP net loss per share of $0.12 for the same quarter in fiscal year 2023, based on diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 83.3 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company had $853.6 million in cash, cash equivalents, and investments at October 31, 2023, compared to $927.5 million at July 31, 2023. The Company used $72.1 million in cash from operations during the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.




Business Outlook
Guidewire is issuing the following outlook for the second quarter of fiscal year 2024 based on current expectations:
ARR between $793 million and $798 million
Total revenue between $237 million and $243 million
Operating income (loss) between $(24) million and $(19) million
Non-GAAP operating income (loss) between $15 million and $20 million

Guidewire is updating the outlook for fiscal year 2024 based on current expectations as follows:
ARR between $846 million and $858 million
Total revenue between $976 million and $986 million
Operating income (loss) between $(75) million and $(65) million
Non-GAAP operating income (loss) between $82 million and $92 million
Operating cash flow between $115 million and $135 million

Conference Call Information
What:
Guidewire First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Financial Results Conference Call
When:
Thursday, December 7, 2023
Time:2:00 p.m. PT (5:00 p.m. ET)
Live Call:(877) 704-4453, Domestic
Live Call:(201) 389-0920, International
Replay:
(844) 512-2921, Passcode 13742810, Domestic
Replay
(412) 317-6671, Passcode 13742810, International
Webcast:
http://ir.guidewire.com/ (live and replay)

The webcast will be archived on Guidewire’s website (www.guidewire.com) for a period of three months.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Metrics
This press release contains the following non-GAAP financial measures: non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP tax provision (benefit), non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, and free cash flow. Non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP income (loss) from operations exclude stock-based compensation, amortization of intangibles, and acquisition consideration holdback. Non-GAAP net income (loss) and non-GAAP tax provision (benefit) also exclude the amortization of debt issuance costs from our convertible notes, and the related tax effects of the non-GAAP adjustments. Additionally, Non-GAAP net income (loss) per share excludes the interest expense on convertible debt. Free cash flow consists of net cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities less cash used for purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software development costs. These non-GAAP measures enable us to analyze our financial performance without the effects of certain non-cash items such as amortization, and stock-based compensation.
Annual recurring revenue (“ARR”) is used to quantify the annualized recurring value outlined in active customer contracts at the end of a reporting period. ARR includes the annualized recurring value of term licenses, subscription agreements, support contracts, and hosting agreements based on customer contracts, which may not be the same as the timing and amount of revenue recognized. All components of the licensing and other arrangements that are not expected to recur (primarily perpetual licenses and professional services) are excluded. In some arrangements with multiple performance obligations, a portion of recurring license and support or subscription contract value is allocated to services revenue for revenue recognition purposes, but does not get allocated for purposes of calculating ARR. This revenue allocation only impacts the initial term of the contract. This means that as we increase arrangements with multiple performance obligations that include services at discounted rates, more of the total contract value will be recognized as services revenue, but our reported ARR amount will not be impacted. During the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2023, the recurring license and support or subscription contract value recognized as services revenue was $3.0 million.



Guidewire believes that these non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to Guidewire’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s management uses these non-GAAP measures and other metrics to compare the Company’s performance to that of prior periods for trend analysis, for purposes of determining executive and senior management incentive compensation, and for budgeting and planning purposes. The Company believes that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing the Company’s financial measures with other software companies, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics to investors.
Management of the Company does not consider these non-GAAP measures in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in the Company’s financial statements. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by management about which expenses and income are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. Guidewire urges investors to review the reconciliation of its non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures, which it includes in press releases announcing quarterly financial results, including the financial tables at the end of this press release, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate the Company’s business.

About Guidewire
Guidewire is the platform P&C insurers trust to engage, innovate, and grow efficiently. We combine digital, core, analytics, and machine learning to deliver our platform as a cloud service. More than 540 insurers in 40 countries, from new ventures to the largest and most complex in the world, run on Guidewire.

As a partner to our customers, we continually evolve to enable their success. We are proud of our unparalleled implementation track record, with more than 1,600 successful projects, supported by the largest R&D team and partner ecosystem in the industry. Our marketplace provides hundreds of applications that accelerate integration, localization, and innovation.

For more information, please visit www.guidewire.com and follow us on X (formerly known as Twitter) @Guidewire_PandC and LinkedIn.

NOTE: For information about Guidewire’s trademarks, visit https://www.guidewire.com/legal-notices.




Cautionary Language Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including but not limited to, statements regarding our financial outlook and our future business momentum regarding our product leadership, cloud deals, financial targets, gross and operating margins, profitability, and our associated business plan, vision and strategy. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date they were first issued and were based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections as well as the beliefs and assumptions of management. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “believe,” “hope,” “target,” “project,” “goals,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “may,” “will,” “might,” “could,” “intend,” variations of these terms or the negative of these terms and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which involve factors or circumstances that are beyond Guidewire’s control. Guidewire’s actual results could differ materially from those stated or implied in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including but not limited to, risks detailed in Guidewire’s most recent Forms 10-K and 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as other documents that may be filed by Guidewire from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements: quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate more than expected; seasonal and other variations related to our customer agreements and related revenue recognition may cause significant fluctuations in our results of operations, ARR, and cash flows; our reliance on sales to and renewals from a relatively small number of large customers for a substantial portion of our revenue and ARR; our ability to successfully manage any changes to our business model, including the transition of our products to cloud offerings and the costs related to cloud operations and security; the timing, success, and number of professional services engagements and the billing rates and utilization of our professional services employees and contractors; recent global events (including, without limitation, the ongoing wars between Israel and Hamas and between Russia and Ukraine, escalating tensions in the South China Sea, inflation higher than we have seen in decades, global pandemics, bank failures and associated financial instability and crises, and supply chain issues) and their impact on our employees and our business and the businesses of our customers, system integrator (“SI”) partners, and vendors; data security breaches of our cloud-based services or products or unauthorized access to our customers’ data, particularly in connection with our transition to a hybrid in-person and remote workforce; our competitive environment and changes thereto; issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning combined with an uncertain regulatory environment; our services revenue produces lower gross margins than our license, subscription and support revenue; our product development and sales cycles are lengthy and may be affected by factors outside of our control; the impact of new regulations and laws (including, without limitation, security, privacy, artificial intelligence and machine learning, tax regulations and laws, and accounting standards); assertions by third parties that we violate their intellectual property rights; weakened global economic conditions may adversely affect the P&C insurance industry, including the rate of information technology spending; general political or destabilizing events, including war, conflict or acts of terrorism; our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our professional services and SI partners; the risk of losing key employees; the challenges of international operations, including changes in foreign exchange rates in countries such as Argentina; and other risks and uncertainties. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. The forward-looking statements included in this press release represent Guidewire’s views as of the date of this press release. Guidewire anticipates that subsequent events and developments will cause its views to change. Guidewire undertakes no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Guidewire’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

Investor Contact:
Alex Hughes
Guidewire
(650) 356-4921
ir@guidewire.com

Media Contact:
Diana Stott
Guidewire
(650) 781-9955
dstott@guidewire.com



GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands)
October 31,
2023
July 31,
2023
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents$301,419 $401,813 
Short-term investments411,528 396,872 
Accounts receivable, net93,083 151,034 
Unbilled accounts receivable, net109,231 87,752 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets61,537 62,132 
Total current assets976,798 1,099,603 
Long-term investments140,644 128,782 
Unbilled accounts receivable, net6,883 11,112 
Property and equipment, net55,280 54,499 
Operating lease assets50,402 52,373 
Intangible assets, net13,106 14,473 
Goodwill372,214 372,214 
Deferred tax assets, net239,822 226,875 
Other assets64,448 67,957 
TOTAL ASSETS$1,919,597 $2,027,888 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable$19,210 $34,627 
Accrued employee compensation46,686 103,980 
Deferred revenue, net171,103 206,923 
Other current liabilities25,376 27,731 
Total current liabilities262,375 373,261 
Lease liabilities40,872 42,972 
Convertible senior notes, net397,601 397,171 
Deferred revenue, net3,915 5,988 
Other liabilities9,185 9,030 
Total liabilities713,948 828,422 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital 1,867,467 1,831,267 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(16,805)(13,859)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)(645,021)(617,950)
Total stockholders’ equity1,205,649 1,199,466 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY$1,919,597 $2,027,888 



GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended October 31,
20232022
Revenue:
Subscription and support$127,627 $99,068 
License34,025 40,952 
Services45,755 55,262 
Total revenue207,407 195,282 
Cost of revenue(1):
Subscription and support48,054 55,691 
License1,219 1,873 
Services45,842 65,566 
Total cost of revenue95,115 123,130 
Gross profit:
Subscription and support79,573 43,377 
License32,806 39,079 
Services(87)(10,304)
Total gross profit112,292 72,152 
Operating expenses(1):
Research and development62,469 58,170 
Sales and marketing44,581 46,468 
General and administrative39,023 42,067 
Total operating expenses146,073 146,705 
Income (loss) from operations(33,781)(74,553)
Interest income10,613 4,638 
Interest expense(1,683)(1,674)
Other income (expense), net(13,742)(13,824)
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes(38,593)(85,413)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes(11,522)(16,095)
Net income (loss)$(27,071)$(69,318)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic and diluted
$(0.33)$(0.83)
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:
Basic and diluted
81,690,912 83,320,967 




(1)Amounts include stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Three Months Ended October 31,
20232022
 Stock-based compensation expense:
 Cost of subscription and support revenue$3,462 $3,468 
 Cost of license revenue95 147 
 Cost of services revenue4,789 5,349 
 Research and development9,986 9,291 
 Sales and marketing7,729 6,887 
 General and administrative10,036 9,954 
 Total stock-based compensation expense$36,097 $35,096 



GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
 Three Months Ended October 31,
 20232022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)$(27,071)$(69,318)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization5,442 7,623 
Amortization of debt issuance costs430 423 
Amortization of contract costs4,064 4,490 
Stock-based compensation36,097 35,096 
Changes to allowance for credit losses and revenue reserves128 (72)
Deferred income tax(13,220)(18,035)
Amortization of premium (accretion of discount) on available-for-sale securities, net(2,927)98 
Other non-cash items affecting net income (loss)(29)34 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable57,193 55,245 
Unbilled accounts receivable(17,250)(20,659)
Prepaid expenses and other assets(6,560)(839)
Operating lease assets1,971 3,768 
Accounts payable(16,982)847 
Accrued employee compensation(54,576)(45,548)
Deferred revenue(37,893)(33,575)
Lease liabilities(1,601)(4,441)
Other liabilities701 (2,572)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities(72,083)(87,435)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(160,239)(169,232)
Maturities and sales of available-for-sale securities137,386 119,291 
Purchases of property and equipment(998)(604)
Capitalized software development costs(3,692)(3,697)
Acquisition of strategic investments(250)(181)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(27,793)(54,423)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchase and retirement of common stock— (200,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities— (200,000)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(4,303)(2,992)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH(104,179)(344,850)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH—Beginning of period406,790 614,686 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH—End of period$302,611 $269,836 



GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(unaudited, in thousands)
The following tables reconcile the specific items excluded from GAAP in the calculation of non-GAAP financial measures for the periods indicated below:
Three Months Ended October 31,
20232022
Gross profit reconciliation:
GAAP gross profit$112,292 $72,152 
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation8,346 8,964 
Amortization of intangibles485 1,905 
Non-GAAP gross profit$121,123 $83,021 
Income (loss) from operations reconciliation:
GAAP income (loss) from operations$(33,781)$(74,553)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation36,097 35,096 
Amortization of intangibles1,367 2,787 
Acquisition consideration holdback386 773 
Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations$4,069 $(35,897)
Net income (loss) reconciliation:
GAAP net income (loss)$(27,071)$(69,318)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation36,097 35,096 
Amortization of intangibles1,367 2,787 
Acquisition consideration holdback386 773 
Amortization of debt issuance costs430 423 
Tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments(11,493)20,378 
Non-GAAP net income (loss)$(284)$(9,861)
Tax provision (benefit) reconciliation:
GAAP tax provision (benefit)$(11,522)$(16,095)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation3,379 27,626 
Amortization of intangibles128 2,194 
Acquisition consideration holdback36 608 
Amortization of debt issuance costs40 333 
Tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments7,910 (51,139)
Non-GAAP tax provision (benefit)$(29)$(36,473)




GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(unaudited, in thousands except share and per share data)
The following tables reconcile the specific items excluded from GAAP in the calculation of non-GAAP financial measures for the periods indicated below:
Three Months Ended October 31,
20232022
Net income (loss) per share reconciliation:
GAAP net income (loss) per share – diluted$(0.33)$(0.83)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation0.44 0.42 
Amortization of intangibles0.02 0.03 
Acquisition consideration holdback— 0.01 
Amortization of debt issuance costs0.01 0.01 
Tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments(0.14)0.24 
Non-GAAP net income (loss) per share – diluted $— $(0.12)
Shares used in computing Non-GAAP income (loss) per share amounts:
GAAP and pro forma weighted average shares — diluted81,690,912 83,320,967 


The following table summarizes our free cash flow for the periods indicated below:

Three Months Ended October 31,
20232022
Free cash flow:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(72,083)$(87,435)
Purchases of property and equipment(998)(604)
Capitalized software development costs(3,692)(3,697)
Free cash flow$(76,773)$(91,736)
GUIDEWIRE SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Outlook
The following table reconciles the specific items excluded from GAAP outlook in the calculation of non-GAAP outlook for the periods indicated below (in millions):
Second Quarter
Fiscal Year 2024
Fiscal Year 2024
Income (loss) from operations outlook reconciliation:
GAAP income (loss) from operations$(24)$(19)$(75)$(65)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation 3838150150
Amortization of intangibles1166
Acquisition consideration holdback11
Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations$15$20$82$92